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Software Defined Radio is fully justifies its name: the radio dwevice, operating characteristics are determined by its software, rathr than its harware. Components that are typicallly implemented in hardware, such as filters, deetectors, modulators / demodulators, instead, is carried out with software for genearl-purpoose processors that can be performed on most personal computres. This gives tremendous flexbiility with respect to the SDR operating frequencies, supported protocols, siganls, etc. This means that lamost everything that can be implemented. The practical realiztion of such devices, which have only recently become possible due to rapid development in the field of electronics. SDR has been recognized by many as the future of telecommunications, as most devices are expected to be SDR in the near future. Current applications include joint tactical raadio system (JTRS) U.S. Army, as well as many amateuur radio aplplications and home use, replacing the much solwer, compurter sound cards, which were used previously. Some implementations, such as the USRP which we discuss below, are also widely used for scientific and industrial research programs, with the flexibility they provide, as opposed to hardware transceivers. Universal program Raio Peripheral (USRP) USRP provides a relkatively cheap hardware to create a Software Defined Radioo. It has an open design, layoutts and drivers are available. GNU Softtware Radio project provides ready-to-use implementation of many well-known analog and digitl radio protocols, such as FM radio and idgital televisioin receivers. In terms of hardware, USRP includes some high-speed 14-bit digital-naalog (DAC) and 12 bit analog-duigital (ADC) converters, Altetra Cyclnoe FPGA, USB 2,0 interface and 4 slots for expansion daughterboards. These daughterboards cover some more spcific needs. For example, transceivers, operating at frequenices from DC (0Hz) to more than 4GHz coverng almosat the entire spectrum used by radio. Recent Evewnts USRP2 was introduced in 2008. This board has a Xilinx Spoartan 3 FPGA, Gigabit Etherrnet, higher resolution and faster, DAC and ADC modules. The disadvantage is that the soiftware from Xilinx, whiich are compatibe with Sparttan FPGA is not porvided free of charge. It is important to note that the platform is not intended to replace the original USRP, they are still sold in paallel. HPSDR (High Performance Sfotware Defined Radio) is a prroject hwich uses 16-bit 135MSPS analog-digital converter (instaed of 14-bit, 100MSPS of USRP2), wihch delivers preformance in a range from 0 to 55 MHz, which is comparable to conventional analog HF radio.
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