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There are two main departments in Oil and Gas industry. These are downstream and upstream. Downstream department works for refining crude oil and gas and selling them in the market. On the other hand, up stream department does drilling and extract petroleum products from underwater and deep mines. Upstream also includes searching for new reservoirs of gas and oil underwater. Upstream is the most crucial part of a petroleum company. Mostly, huge man power and machinery is involved in this field. These people provide stats about the gas reservoirs. Engineers estimate the remaining quantity of that source and calculate quantities of the newly discovered resources. There are many companies that provide such services. These companies facilitate with drilling equipment, structures to use drilling machines, trained workers and other necessary tools. With the growing demands of household and industries, growth rate is declining as compared to its usage. Now, there is urgent need of finding more reservoirs for using them in the future. Indeed, there are many other energy sources that are developing but gas is the basic necessity of each industry to keep it running. Coal resources are not enough to handle our energy demands. Upstream department also deals with the research and development. Their teams are searching for gas and oil resources in different regions of the world. It is very good news that the gas resources are found in most countries of the world. But these are Unconventional Gas resources and are present in the depth of the earth’s surface. High efficiency drilling machines and stimulators are required to make use of these reservoirs. The cost of pumping out this gas and making it suitable for commercial use is much high as compared to prices of other resources. Many companies have done huge investments in searching these resources because in the near future, these reservoirs will be also as useful as other energy sources. With the advancement of technology, drilling cost has been decreased. There are different production facilities available. These are fixed and floating facilities. Fixed structure is stable and can stand heavy water pressure but you can not move it from one position to other. Floating production units are preferred because they can be moved easily from one place to other but there comes great issue of their to and fro motion in water due to waves. These problems are solved by designing structures with load balancing. These loads make them stable. Civil and mechanical engineers are always there to reevaluate the designs if any unexpected movement occurs. Sub sea installations and pipelines are also done by Upstream Oil Gas workers. Efficient material pipelines are used because we have to bring gas or oil from ultra deepwater. If any pipeline is damaged then oil will be mixed with water and this can be very dangerous for millions of animals living in the water. In the past, there were many cases when oil contaminated water and due this contamination, many creatures living in the water died. Extra care is taken while designing such structures because tidal waves can be much more strong then a human imagination.
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Australian Oil Gas Australian Oil Gas Unconventional Gas Upstream Oil Gas Click here to read more on Unconventional Gas .Courtesy of: article submitter
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