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When considering techniques for underground installation, pipes and cables in particular, you can generally be assured that disruption will follow, with roads closed, lanes closed, traffic diverted and considerable inconvenience caused to businesses nearby. However, no dig trenchless technology is changing all that. When faced with the task of laying new pipes underground, companies will need to consider a number of important factors. Although equipment can be used to detect major pipes and cables underground, this often gives only a rough idea, since the planned route for the new pipe may be several feet below the surface. Schematics showing previous pipe installations may not be accurate, either because newer pipes or replacement cables have been installed since then, and the existing pipes and cables may well have shifted slightly. It is to be expected that the ground may shift, as a result of many factors, including drainage and overhead traffic. Often it is believed that the only solution is to contract a number of workers and heavy machinery to open up a large trench the full length of the new installation. Pipes and cables can then be seen, and any adjustments to the planned route of the new pipe made accordingly. However, this method not only takes a very great deal of time, it is also very expensive, and causes widespread disruption to local traffic and businesses. Fortunately there is a technology that enables a trenchless installation. Pipes and cables can now be installed without the need for large open trenches, significantly cutting down on the time it takes to complete an installation. Additionally, by carrying out a pipe installation without digging a trench, costs can be drastically reduced as there is no need to employ additional contractors or use heavy plant machinery. But how does such a method work, and can it be used in all situations, or is this a technology with limited applications? Trenchless pipe installation works by simply creating an underground cavity and sliding the pipe through it. Perhaps it sounds simple - but how do you create the underground cavity? The answer is that a small, compact but powerful machine such as the Warrior WR4 or the Warrior WR6 is used. The method involves digging two small trenches, one at each end of the section of pipe to be installed. A thrust boring machine such as the Warrior WR4 or the Warrior WR6 is then lowered into the starting pit. The thrust boring machine uses powerful hydraulics to thrust a series of connecting rods through the ground towards the other pit, known as the receiving pit. Built into the head of the thrust boring rods of the Warrior machine is a detection sensor which is able to detect nearby obstacles such as exiting pipes, cables, rocks and foundations. The Warrior WR4 and Warrior WR6 thrust boring machines are unique in that the connecting rods can be controlled so that they change direction if an obstacle is encountered. They are the only thrust boring machines to feature full directional control. Using highly accurate sensor readings the rods can be thrust through the ground in such a way that they ensure a clean, precise route is established. This is a much faster, cheaper and more cost efficient method of ensuring a suitable route is established than digging up a whole area of ground. Once the connecting rods have thrust right the way through the ground to the receiving pit, an expanding head is connected, behind which the first section of the new pipe to be laid is coupled. The thrust boring machine then uses its powerful hydraulics again, but this time pulling instead of pushing. The expanding head is pulled through the ground along the route previously established by the connecting rods. The expanding head widens the cavity so that it is exactly the right size for the new pipe to simply slide in to place. Additional sections of pipe are connected behind each section as it is drawn in to the new cavity. Once the pipe is in place, the equipment is removed and both pits filled in. The entire process takes very little time, and is a clean, quiet and convenient installation. Pipes and cables can be installed without any need to close roads, paths or disrupt local traffic or businesses.
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